The New York Police Department - 1275 Words

In August 2013, Federal Judge Shira Scheindlin ruled that the stop-and-frisk techniques utilized by the New York Police Department (NYPD) violated the constitutional rights of minorities (Stanley). In her ruling, Judge Scheindlin admonished members of the NYPD for stopping people without any articulable reasonable suspicion or probable cause. Judge Scheindlin further opined that the majority of those stopped were males and from a minority population. In her 195-page ruling, Judge Scheindlin ordered the NYPD to begin testing body-worn camera systems for possible implementation. Fast forward one year to August 9th, 2014, when Michael Brown was shot and killed by Officer Daren Wilson of the Ferguson Police Department. This incident shocked the conscious of the American public and forced the conversation of body-worn cameras into the spotlight of American law enforcement tactics and practices. This conversation has centered on whether or not all law enforcement agencies should mand ate the purchase and wearing of body-worn cameras for all officers. Are body-worn cameras a good idea or will this help to create an Orwellian environment (Eason)? Research shows that through the proper implementation of body-worn camera systems law enforcement encounters can become more professional while lowering the amount of force used. Cost is always one of the first discussions that an agency has when discussing the implementation of a body-worn camera system program. These cameraShow MoreRelatedThe New York Police Department1733 Words   |  7 Pagesconstitution. But what are the citizens supposed to do when these two fundamental philosophies suddenly are set in opposition with each other? In New York, the stop-and-frisk law is designed to protect its citizens, and yet it is taking away their constitutional rights. Although in some instances this method is deemed legal, the New York Police Department has adapted the process into one that stems from criminal profiling. Thus, the two ideologies clash in their views. The right-wing emphasizes howRead MoreThe New York City Police Department Essay1761 Words   |  8 Pagesgrowth of violent crime reached its all-time high in New York City. In response to the number of high murder rates in the 1990s, the New York City Police Department realized that their efforts to reduce crime were ineffective. The local news reported that New Yorkers were afraid to wear their jewelry in public. Some reported they had to sprint to the subway exit to avoid victimization when the door opened. The New York City Police Department decided to implement a practice of Stop, Question, andRead MoreA New York Police Department983 Words   |  4 Pagesstation in New York City. Her purse is slung over her shoulder as she reads the railway map. A thief approaches her from behind and snatches the leather handle of her purse from her grip. He dashes away as she helplessly watches him go. The woman does not call the police or even ask passersby for help. She knows no one will come to her aid, especially not the NYPD. Such a scenario is shocking and not a little discomforting, especially when placed in the jurisdiction of the nationally acclaimed New YorkRead MoreThe New York Police Department1510 Words   |  7 Pagesand what kind of new technologies are going to be attach ed to them to ensure police are doing the best job that they can? What about the weapons? Could we be seeing robot cops patrolling our streets any time soon? There are many things the future of policing has in store. Many police departments around the United States have moved from the old run of the mill cars, to fancy cars like Dodge Chargers and Hummers with all the bells and whistles. In fact, The New York Police Department is now workingRead MoreThe New York Police Department945 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 1990s, New York City was filled with violent crime. In the events of recent police shootings, citizens could not help but fear the possibility of the city going back to how it was during the 1990s and earlier violent era times. However, recent studies and reports have indicated that the city has never been as dangerous and violent as it was in earlier times. As by 2015, a modest decrease in the rate of serious reported crimes was noteworthy. Reports by the New York Police Department (NYPD), haveRead MoreThe New York Police Department1895 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract This critical analysis details the actions of the New York Police Department, during the event of 911, which took place in New York City on September 11, 2001. This information will give insight on what occurred that day and explore what the New York Police Department did in response to the attack. The information is expected to lead to discussion of the problems that the criminal justice agency had, during the 911 attack and what could have been done to make them more effective. This analysisRead MoreAn Argument For The New York Police Department1618 Words   |  7 PagesAn Argument for The New York Police Department New York Police Department and abbreviated NYPD, is a police state belonging to the city of New York. New York Police specialize in the most important issues in American history by searching for the killer and the dimensions of the drug phenomenon and the fight against terrorism and chase the criminals and invalidate booby-traps, New York Police Department was founded in 1845. It is the largest police force in the United States, which has key responsibilitiesRead MoreThe New York s Police Department1432 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience differ criminal activities within their jurisdiction. For example, New York’s Police Department would be heavily investigating criminally funded Organized Crime Enterprises, whereas, the Seattle Police Department would have a larger interest in the broad category of violent crime enforcement associated with Domestic Violence. Covering 3.79 million square miles, law enforcement from coast to coast will develop their department in which best serv es their targeted criminal behaviors. What is evidentRead MoreThe New York City Police Department Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowth of violent crime reached its all-time high in New York City. In response to the number of high murder rates in the 1990s, the New York City Police Department realized that their efforts to reduce crime were ineffective. The local news reported that New Yorkers were afraid to wear their jewelry in public. Some reported they had to sprint to the subway exit to avoid victimization when the door opened. The New York City Police Department decided to implement a practice of Stop, Question, andRead MoreThe New York City Police Department3455 Words   |  14 PagesHandouts 1-5 University Of Laverne Ali Mohammed Alahbabi Suzanne Beaumaster, Ph.D. Handout (1) Name of the Organization The name of the organization is the New York City police department popularly known as the NYPD. Your position in the organization None, I do not work at NYPD. Field: what do they produce/do? Naturally, the police department must strive to maintain law and order among the citizens of its locale. This means they have to act out against criminals and criminal activities. Criminal

The Reform Of The United States - 1549 Words

The most urgent reform to be implemented is to have more women hold management positions, and train current employees to be understanding of cultural transformations within the company. We should increase the ethnic group, specifically African American and Hispanic, by educating Facebook s Human Resources Department. Currently there are only 1 percent African Americans and 4 percent Hispanic that are working for Facebook. It is critical that more minority groups are hired, because bringing in individuals from different backgrounds and experiences could potentially make a business more effective. This will benefit Facebook, because Facebook will be meeting all of their consumers needs by having employees that come from different ethnic and racial backgrounds. However, the predominated race that is holding a management position is white, therefore Facebook will not be able to fulfill the needs of their consumers if this remains the same. Facebook should transition their culture by tra ining their current employees to accept and understand the different beliefs of each individual. The company should invest in educating their current employees to motivate and prepare their subordinates on strategies on how to take management positions. This could nourish communication between employees and will also aid the company to be a whole more knowledgeable within their own department, which will increase efficiency. I believe Facebook should hire their employees based off how diverseShow MoreRelatedReform in the United States813 Words   |  4 PagesDeal Eras are two of the most important and defining periods in American history. Through initiatives and reform passed during these times, America was changed politically, socially and economically. These changes affected all Americans in some way or another, but had significant impact on specific groups of American citizens. Whatever their impact, these eras jumpstarted and continued reform initiatives for our country that provided a model for tackling current issues in our society. First, focusingRead MoreHealthcare Reform in the United States1218 Words   |  5 Pages During the formation of the United States of America, the founding fathers had difficulty to agree on common issues due to their conflicting political stances. The intention of each political party is to form a solution that is in the best interest of the citizens in the U.S and of how to govern the US following its independence from Great Britain. It is safe to conclude that some Americans base their decisions on family affiliations rather than viewing each economic, social, and political problemRead MoreHealthcare Reform in the United States1055 Words   |  5 PagesHealthcare Reform in the United States While the United States delivers some of the best medical care in the world, there are major inefficiencies in our healthcare system. We have high rates of medical errors, millions without health insurance coverage, and lower utilization of advanced health information technology than most western European nations. It seems every time you turn on the evening news, you hear something about the healthcare system in American and how it is in shambles. WithoutRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 Pagescome to the United States of America for better opportunities, such as employment and reuniting with family. These people are immigrants. However, many people immigrate illegally, meaning they do not comply with proper protocol for becoming a U.S. citizen. Throughout the history of America, reformation of immigration policy has already been implicated in federal law. Presently, immigration reforms are being considered to make it easier for foreigners to sta rt a new life in the United States of AmericaRead MoreWelfare Reform : The United States1457 Words   |  6 Pagesstatement on January of 1970 when the Los Angeles Times interviewed him (Williamson). Federal government funded welfare in the United States started in the 1930s during the Great Depression. Because of the vast numbers of people out of work and with insufficient funds to buy food for their families, President Franklin D. Roosevelt approved a program to give money to state governments for the purpose of making jobs so that unemployed people could work (Bill). This start of federal aid was the beginningRead MoreImmigration Reform : The United States1312 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration reform is one of the most controversial topic in the U.S. The Democrats and Republicans are having a tug of war over finding a solution to allowing illegal immigrants grant citizenship and allowing their families to stay in the this country. Just last month, President Obama had a televised executive decision talking about immigration reform. President Obama discussed how the executive decisions like providing legal status and work permits for more than 5 million immigrants, making theRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1245 Words   |  5 PagesHistorically, immigration as a percentage of the United States population has been far higher in previous years compared to where it is now. Even as far back as 1870, the foreign-born population of the US was 5,567,229 while the US population was 38,558,371, meaning that immigrants were making up approximately 14.4% of the US population. Calculating the immigration percentage in the same way, it was 13.3% in 1880, 14.7% in 1890, 13.6% in 1900, 14.6% in 1910, and 13.1% in 1920, the last year beforeRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1397 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1986, the United States enacted The Immigration Reform and Control Act which made it illegal to hire illegal immigrants. This is by far the bi ggest reform made in recent history. Immigration reform is simply making changes to a country’s immigration policies for the better. It has been a huge and controversial topic since 1986 and even more so when President Obama proposed a reform himself in 2009. According to Obama, this reform would improve border enforcement, be stricter on visa overstaysRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1641 Words   |  7 PagesInstitution: Immigration Reform ​Immigration is defined as the act of leaving your country of origin and going to another different one to stay there permanently (Dictionary.com). Reasons, why people escape or leave their original countries, are varied; ranging from war, poverty, natural occurrences such as earthquakes while others just take the step for fun purposes. A reform is a change from the way things were done originally and make them better. Therefore, immigration reform is a term that is frequentlyRead MoreThe United States Immigration Reform817 Words   |  4 Pages Astou Sow Immigration reform The United States Immigration Reform is specifically targeting the problem of 12 to 20 million undocumented workers in the United States. How would you trust and come out of the shadows if at any point the government changes their minds and deports you. As an immigrant there was times when I felt like I would be deported because of fear from how I got into this country. My dad would always blackmail me and my sisters to do what he wants or he would deport us and he

Paradigm Analysis Essay Example For Students

Paradigm Analysis Essay Paradigm AnalysisDefinition the process of dividing anything complex intosimple elements or components; it is the systematic separation of a whole into parts, pieces, or sections. Characteristics Pattern One IntroductionCharacteristic 1Characteristic 2Characteristic 3SummaryPattern Two Introduction Cluster of features 1Cluster of features 2Cluster of features 3 SummaryQuestions asked 1. What are its pieces, parts, or sections?2. How may they logically be divided?Key words characteristics, feature, aspect, division into parts,section, sector, segment, element, member, component, constituent, portion, fraction, fragment, particle, entity, trait, particular, part,subdivision, unit, piece, detail, ingredientMore key words whole, resolve, collectiveness, break up, aggregate,embody, mass, analyze, entirety, dissect, embodiment, compose, bulk, distinguish, totality, separate, unity, constitute, sum, partitionAmazedEvery time our eyes meetThis feeling inside meIs almost when you touch meI can feel how much you love meAnd it just blows me awayIve never been this close to anyone or anythingI can hear your thoughtsI can see your dreamsI dont know how you do what you doIm so in love with you, it just keeps getting betterI wanna spend the rest of my life with you by my sideForever and everEvery little thing that you doBaby Im amazed by youThe smell of your skinThe taste of your kissThe way you whisper in the darkYour hair all around me, baby you surround meYou touch every place in my heartOh, it feels like the first time every timeI wanna spent the whole night in your eyesI dont know how you do what you doIm so in love with you, it just keeps getting betterI wanna spend the rest of my life with you by my sideForever and everEvery little thing that you doBaby Im amazed by youEvery little thing that you doIm so in love with youIt just keeps getting betterI wanna spend the rest of my life with you by my sideForever and everEvery little thing that you doOh, every little thing that you doBaby Im amazed by you more than I can takeBabySample ParagraphThis poem is actually a song. This song means that someone has found true love. The feeling that the person describes is talking about love. This feeling is the greatest feeling in the world. To feel love in your heart that is all a person could need to be happy. This poem just really means a lot if a person actually reads it and feels what the poet is actually saying. . Paradigm Cause/EffectDefinition Cause- a cause is a force or influence that produces an effect; it is an agency or operation responsible for bringing about an action, event, condition or result. Effect- a effect is anything that has been caused; it is something worked out, accomplished, or produced. Characteristics Pattern One IntroductionCause EffectEffectSummaryPattern Two IntroductionCauseCauseEffectSummaryPattern Three IntroductionEffectCauseCauseSummaryPattern Four IntroductionEffect EffectCauseSummaryQuestions asked 1. What is its purpose?2. Why did it happen?3. What are its causes?4. What are its effects?5. How is it related causally to something else?Key words Cause- origin, principle, agent, mover, influence, source, author, instrument, foundation, font, first, producer, prime, support, geneses, rational, intention, the straw that broke the camels backEffect- consequence, result, outcome, performance, handiwork, derivation, development, offshoot, outgrowth, end, production, creation, harvest, issueBoth- cause, accomplish, make possible, thus, because, owing to, by means of, consequently, accordingly, bring about, follow from, result from, since, if, then, as a resul t, an account of, by the agency of, for this reason, produce, effect, do to, therefore, in effect, originate Sample ParagraphThe main cause for water pollution would have to be from big factories and corporations. They will drain off all of there nasty pollutants into rivers and streams. These rivers and streams will then flow into major lakes and rivers and eventually into the oceans. This cause is ridiculous and should not even happen. All it is, is a bunch of factories that are to lazy to clean all this junk their selves, so instead they dump the waste into the small streams thinking that nothing will happen. Paradigm ClassificationDefinition process of grouping similar ideas or objects, the systematic arrangement of things into classes on the basis of shared characteristicsCharacteristicsPattern One Introduction (thesis + map)Type 1Type 2Type 3SummaryQuestions asked 1. What are its types?2. What are its basic categories?Key words kinds, sorts, types, classes, varieties, categori es, sources, orders, clusters, groups, classify, compile, a symbol, string together, collectSample ParagraphThe people in English 111-01 look and dressed various ways. The day this assignment was made the writer was not there, therefore making him have to write about previous days he has been there. There are always more women in the class than men. Usually some women about three or four are bummed out in there clothing. Meaning that they dress down. Then there is about four or five GQ girls in class. Meaning that they are all pretty looking. They guys always dress different also. There is always at least one person wearing a hat. Then there is always one guy who is wearing nice clothes, and the rest always dress casual. There is a cluster of the same people in our class, yet there is variety of people who dress different. Paradigm Compare/ContrastDefinition discovering the similarities and differences between two or more ideas, objects, or events. Hobby And Sport EssayParadigm ProcessDefinition a series of actions, changes, functions, steps, or operations that bring about a particular end or result. CharacteristicsPattern One IntroductionStep 1 (or phase 1)Step 2 (or phase 2)Step 3 (or phase 3)SummaryQuestions asked 1. How did it happen?2. How does it work?3. How do you make it or do it?4. What are its stages or phases?Key words phase, occurrence, step, change, alteration, mutation, state, condition, conversion, displacement, transformation, fluctuation, inconstancy, inversion, permutation, modulation, qualification, metamorphosis Sample paragraph The process of changing your bedspread is a very important part of one’s life. Why would someone want to sleep in dirty sheets? They would not so there for this is how a person can change and wash their sheets. Step one, strip the bed clean of all sheets. Step two, bring the sheets to the washing machine for cleansing. After the sheets are fully washed, displace them and place them into the dryer. This step is vital to the process. A person cannot go through this whole transformation without completing the dryer stage. Phase thr ee of this process requires a person to take the sheets out of the dryer and put them back onto the bed neatly and nicely. The only way this series will be complete is if the sheets are then put back onto the bed. After the third phase is completed the transformation of dirty to clean sheets is complete. Congratulations!Paradigm EnumerationDefinition is concerned with the sequential arrangement of successive things: a group of objects, events, or ideas, generally following each other in the order of time in which they occur. Characteristics Pattern One IntroductionFirst (the first one)Second (the second two)Third (the third three)SummaryQuestions asked What is the logical order?What is the exact number?Key words number, order, series, succession, progression, string, chain, set, sequel, sequence, list, item, catalog, tally, analyses, to count, to catalog, to number, to enumerate, to itemize Sample Paragraph The process of changing your bedspread is a very important part of one’s life. Why would someone want to sleep in dirty sheets? They would not so there for this is how a person can change and wash their sheets. Step one, strip the bed clean of all sheets. Step two, bring the sheets to the washing machine for cleansing. After the sheets are fully washed, displace them and place them into the dryer. This step is vital to the process. A person cannot go through this whole transformation without completing the dryer stage. Phase three of this process requires a person to take the sheets out of the dryer and put them back onto the bed neatly and nicely. The only way this series will be complete is if the sheets are then put back onto the bed. After the third phase is completed the transformation of dirty to clean sheets is complete. Congratulations!Music

Philosophy in Crisis The Need for Reconstruction. Book Review

Introduction Philosophers are known to be a breed of thinkers who tend to ask critical questions regarding the world within which we live. They are known to be critical perceivers, seldom taking anything at face value.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy in Crisis: The Need for Reconstruction. Book Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Philosophers may be engrossed in criticizing and reviewing the world outside their academic realm. They are known to critically look at matter, human’s brain functionality, religion and general existence of the human being in the society. It is perhaps this overemphasis on the world without that had made some philosophers forget or abandon critical aspects within their academic discipline. Perhaps it is about time that philosophers woke up to this fact and started looking critically at their discipline. Since they are known to operate by asking questions, they can p ose the same to address obvious problems cropping up in their realm. Recent developments in philosophy have raised many questions than answers. This has led people like Bunge (1) to pose questions like: is philosophy really dead? This is the question at the mind of many contemporary thinkers who have taken the time to reflect on the internal dynamics of their profession. Some philosophers, those referred to by Corazzon as â€Å"philosophical prophets of doom† (3) declare that philosophy is in fact dead. This is an argument that is taken as a fact by any person in the society who has their reasoning faculties intact. This is especially so given the mental gymnastics that post-modern theorists seem to prefer so much. Scholars in this school of thought have already started drafting the contents of the obituary for philosophy in contemporary society. They are of the view that, if philosophy is not already dead as some pacifists seem to argue, then it is on its way there; it is al ready on its death bed and life is surely ebbing out of it. However, voices of reason among the so called reasonable members of society quip that the obituary is â€Å"immature† (Bunge 4). These are philosophers such as Mario Bunge, who contend that the current state of philosophy is nothing more than a stage on its cycle.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Historical analysis will prove that philosophy has undergone period of relapse at various points in time. Never did it die at such times; rather, some thinker or some event came along and shook it out of the self-induced slumber (Bunge 8). According to Cooper (4), philosophy cannot die. As long as people keep on philosophizing, as long as they keep on critically analyzing the world around them and the space occupied by the human in this world, philosophy will keep on living. This being the case, one is left wonderi ng, what is the actual state of academic philosophy in contemporary society? Is the summation that the discipline is afflicted by deep, systemic problems correct? Mario Bunge steps in to answer these questions. The crisis bedevilling academic philosophy is the main theme of his book Philosophy in Crisis: The Need for Reconstruction. This book was published by Prometheus Books in 2001. This paper is going to review this book, looking critically at the various arguments that are fronted by Bunge. This paper is going to look at the structure of the book, a thematic analysis of the book, criticisms levelled at Bunge and his arguments among other issues. Philosophy in Crisis: Structure and Organization of the Book Structural Overview In 241 pages, Bunge lays puts forth his argument to the effect that philosophy is currently undergoing a crisis. The book is organized into ten sections, or ten chapters depending on how one looks at it. The following is a highlight of the sections in this b ook: Section 1: Humanism in the Information Revolution In this section, Bunge addresses the various aspects of humanism within the context of information revolution (13-24). He starts by acknowledging the fact that today, the society is undergoing a â€Å"technological revolution (that is) as radical as the one that was initiated by the steam engine (and the) pill† (Bunge 13).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy in Crisis: The Need for Reconstruction. Book Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is information revolution which is characterized by the rise of the internet and such other factors that affect how people interact with each other and with the world around them (Cline 5). He is of the view that this development has affected many aspects of the human society, and of special interest to philosophers is the way people utilize knowledge available to them (Bunge 19: Quine 67). Each sectio n in the book is further sub-divided into several subsections dealing with various aspects of the topic being reviewed in the chapter. To this end, Bunge has subdivided section 1 into six subsections addressing secular humanism as a whole worldview, religious humanism and antisocial thinking, humanists and information revolution, information and knowledge, the information highway and finally the progress towards a virtual society (Bunge 13-24). Section 2: (the) Ten Cosmological Paradigms In this section, Bunge (27-47) takes a closer look at the ten cosmological paradigms in philosophy. The section is subdivided into 11 subsections that address this topic. He looks at a sketch of ten paradigms, holism as the cosmic animal, hierarchism as the cosmic ladder, tychism as the world casino, dynamicism as the grand river, dialectics as the universal conflagration, atomism as the cosmic cloud, mechanism as the cosmic clock, sacralism as the cosmic temple, textualism as the book of the world, systemism as the system of all systems, and finally, epistemological consequences (Bunge 27-43). Section 3: Materialism Triumphant Here, Bunge (49-77) looks at the whole issue of matter and the universe. He looks at the issues of matter as an inert phenomenon and as a dematerialised phenomenon (Adeloitte 77). The quanta and the life immaterial are some of the other issues that are discussed in this chapter. Bunge, in this chapter, conceptualises science as the study of matter, and he sketches the path to a new materialism in the universe (Bunge 77: Mahner 74). Section 4: From Neuron to Mind Bunge (79-93) takes a closer look at the human actor in this chapter. He elaborates on the five approaches use to study humans, as well as the seven models of man (Bunge 81-83: Kilov Sack 23). The author also seeks to explain behaviour and mentation in humans in this chapter.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Section 5: Two Trilemmas about Social Matter Bunge (99-106) addresses the issue of micro and macro links in the universe, social dynamics and definition of various phenomena in this chapter. Section 6: Interpretation and Hypothesis in Social Studies As the title of the section indicates, Bunge (117-134) deals with the issue of how the social studies interpret and hypothesise about the universe and the existence on man within the same. He looks at how meaning, goal, function and indicators are created by social studies in the universe. He discusses hypothesis as interpretation and inference of the social reality, as well as addressing the issue of why problems in the social science realm appear to be intractable (Bunge 128: Matthews 30). Section 7: Doubts and Skepticism Bunge (139-158) looks at how dogmatism in the universe together with scepticism comes in varying degrees of intensity. He also looks at the question of whether anything in this world is possible, together with negativ ism in the society. He argues that all conjectures in philosophy and other thinking are anything but equal in plausibility (Bunge 148). Section 8: Diagnosing Pseudoscience Bunge has always been known to be against intellectual dispositions that he terms as pseudoscience (Andy 10). This is what he addresses in this chapter (Bunge 161-189). In this chapter, he tries to highlight the boundary between science and pseudoscience, two fields that he says are usually confused with each other but which are totally different from each other (Andy 11: Bunge 170). He criticises what he refers as parapsychology, as a pseudoscience that involves â€Å"chasing (of) ghosts† (Bunge 176). He criticises psychoanalysis in this chapter, looking at it as another manifestation of pseudoscience involving conjuring up of wild fantasies (Bunge 179). Section 9: Values and Morals in a Materialist and Realist Perspective Bunge (191-203) addresses issues to do with facts and values, law and rule, right an d duty and such others in this section. He also takes a closer look at agathonism as a humanist ethics, as well as technoholodemocracy, a realm of humanist social philosophy (Bunge 200). Section 10: Crisis and Reconstruction in Philosophy In this chapter, Bunge (207-224) addresses the major issue that he introduces in the forward of the book. This is the issue of the crisis that academic philosophy is currently facing and the need to reconstruct the discipline in order for it to remain relevant. He identifies the crisis, root causes of the crisis as well as the possible options for reconstructing and reviving the discipline. Critique of the Structure and Organisation of the Book It is obvious that the structure and organisation that Bunge adopted for his book makes it easy to read through. The preface was a good idea, as it sets the pace and tone of the whole book. It acts like an abstract, and it gives the reader an idea of not only what to expect inside the book, but also the cont ext within which the book was written. Bunge authors the preface of the book himself. I just wish he gave the opportunity of writing the forward or the preface to another authority. This would have gone a long way in enhancing the credibility of the book by introducing a third perspective on the books content (Spitzberg 22). At the end of the book, Bunge provides the reader with a list of the note on the sources used in the book, references and indexes of names and subjects therein (Weingartner Georg 12). This lends the book a halo of credibility, a halo that would have been otherwise dimmed by the self-authored preface. It is an indication of the fact that Bunge has consulted many sources in coming up with his book. This shows that the book is a synthesis of many perspectives in the field of philosophy, perspectives that have been meshed together to create a cohesive argument on the crisis afflicting contemporary philosophical thinking. The idea of dividing the book into several s ections and subsections was also great. It makes the book appear organised, and makes it easy to read. This is especially so given the fact that each of the sections has a conclusion part that ties together the arguments that have been forwarded in the chapter. However, Bunge tends to overdo the division of the book into several subsections. The subsections are just too many; making the book to appear cluttered and segmented at the same time. This is especially so considering the fact that some of the subsections are so brief, occupying a page or less. Philosophy in Crisis: Thematic Analysis Philosophy in Crisis The central theme of the book, as the title suggests, is the crisis that is faced by philosophy in contemporary society. The author admits that a crisis does exist, and as the subtitle of the book suggests, he tries to draw the attention of the reader to the need to come up with a reconstruction strategy for the discipline (Agassi Cohen 99). As earlier indicated, Bunge refu tes the fact that philosophy is on the threshold of its demise. He views this argument as both extremist and unreal. He asserts that academic philosophy is merely transiting through a rough patch, a developmental crisis that is not unique to our times (Cooper 4: Cline 8). Bunge argues that the crisis in academic philosophy is undergirded by the fact that few, if any, philosophical ideas are coming up today, ideas that could help man understand their existence and their place in the universe (45). He is of the view that scholars in this field have actively elevated the decadence in the discipline. They have done this, through design or otherwise, by shunning â€Å"deep problems, comprehensive systems (and)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ reason itself† (Bunge 230). Contemporary philosophical thinking is moribund, undergoing a stagnant phase. Like stagnant water, this state of affairs, if not addressed, would breed decay and rotting in the discipline. Like a stagnant pool of water, current acade mic philosophy is in dire need of a fresh breeze to churn the murky waters and stimulate life from within. Scholars that are regarded by Bunge as â€Å"insulated academics† (45) have played a significant role in creating this crisis. These scholars only speak to another in their academic cocoons. They use technical jargon in addressing issues in the society, and have failed to address the issues that are affecting the common man in the society. The scholars fail to address the world as it is today and the real life problems that are encountered by contemporary man (Cline 4). Instead of looking beyond the walls of their discipline, contemporary philosophers have turned their attention to philosophy itself. They have ignored all the concerns that modern man, faced by a society that is perpetually change, require answered (Agassi Cohen 100: Mahner 76). This is for example issues to do with globalisation, global warming, and economic instability among others. To make matters wor se, Bunge (34) is of the view that tools that are needed in philosophical thinking, tools like reason, one of the central pillars in philosophy, have been forsaken by some of contemporary philosophy scholars. Factors Contributing to the Crisis Having identified and acknowledged the fact that a crisis does in fact exist in academic philosophy today, it becomes important to ask oneself the reason why this is so. What are some of the causes to this problem? As earlier indicated, scholars within the field have been cited as the major contributors to the moribund status of the discipline. Along this line, Bunge, in this book, highlights some of the factors that he is convinced have significantly contributed to this. Most of the factors, as Quine (64) and Cline (3) note, are endemic to contemporary structural and organisational aspects of academic philosophy in the society. One of them is the fact that academics have extremely professionalised the discipline (Cline 4). For example, todayà ¢â‚¬â„¢s scholars attach a great deal of importance to the number of publications. This is regardless of the fact that some of the publications add no value to the discipline. The scholars also seem to be averse to the generation of â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦new (and) challenging ideas†¦ (even at) the risk of being wrong† (Cline 9). Obscurity in thinking and analysis of issues in the field has become fashionable, given the appearance of profundity (Cline 9). It also appears that most of the scholars have become obsessed with the use of language, rather than on the message that is conveyed by the language. This is why they tend to use technical terms that are made to appear professional, obscuring their thoughts in the process. The scholars also have a penchant to blowing minor issues out of proportion, giving them a larger than life appearance. Philosophy in Crisis: Is there any Hope? As indicated in this paper, Bunge is optimistic that the discipline can weather the crisis. H istory has shown that it is just a matter of time before the discipline recovers (Bunge 56: Corazzon 9). History has shown that at times, academic philosophy has turned â€Å"moribund and inward-looking† (Cline 9). Many assumptions are made, and most of the scholars are contented with the status quo. However, just when people have given up on the discipline, an individual reformer shows up, bringing with them a new way to look at things. They challenge the assumptions that have made the discipline stagnant, reigniting it, giving it a force of its own. This is what will happen in this case, or Bunge (67) so hopes. Conclusion Philosophy in Crisis: A Critique Many critics are of the view that Bunge has done a fairly good job in explaining the problem faced by academic philosophy today. The consistent scepticism that Bunge assumes throughout the text is a refreshingly new look at a discipline that seems archaic to many in the society. He adapts a materialistic view of philosophy as a discipline, making the book more relevant to the common man. He does not shy away from highlighting, with remarkable honesty, what he feels is wrong with the discipline and what he thinks should be done to address the problem. However, the book is not without its own weaknesses, weaknesses that significantly affect the credibility of the text. For example, Bunge accuses contemporary philosophers of using technical terms that do not make sense to non-philosophers. He seems to fall into this trap too, for the book is not without its own share of technical and philosophical extractions. Also, Bunge calls for a reconstruction of the discipline. One would have expected that he will go ahead and give some suggestion as to what should be done to address the issue, how to go about the reconstruction. However, this is not the case. Bunge simply analyses the problems, and restates the need for reconstruction. But he fails to give a blue print on this reconstruction. But he does a good jo b in drawing the attention of the reader to the problem and the need to come up with a plan. As a result of this, this book becomes indispensable to those who are interested in looking at modern philosophy from a new perspective, and those who are interested in rebuilding the discipline. Works Cited Adeloitte, Gregory. The Self and Its Brain. London: Springer International, 2008. Agassi, John Cohen, Richard. Scientific Philosophy Today: Essays in Honor of Mario Bunge. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company, 2002. Andy, Richards. From Paradox to Reality: Our Basic Concepts of the Physical World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Bunge, Mario. Philosophy in Crisis: The Need for Reconstruction. New York: Prometheus Books, 2001. Cline, Austin. â€Å"Philosophy in Crisis: The Need for Reconstruction, by Mario Bunge†. Atheism.com. 13 January 2011. Web. Cooper, William F. â€Å"Review of ‘Philosophy in Crisis: The Need for Reconstruction’†. Essays in Ph ilosophy, 7(1), 2006. Corazzon, Raul. â€Å"The Scientific Philosophy of Mario Bunge†. Theory and History of Ontology. August 13 2010. April 17 2011 https://www.ontology.co/biblio/bungem.htm Kilov, Haim Sack, Ira. â€Å"Philosophy-Based Mechanisms for Communication between Business and IT Experts†. McGill Reporter, 28 February 2009. Mahner, Michael. Scientific Realism: Selected Essays of Mario Bunge. New York: Prometheus Books, 2001. Matthews, Michael R. â€Å"Mario Bunge: Physicist, Philosopher and Defender of Science†. Science Education, 12, 2003. Quine, Wallace. The Time of My Life: An Autobiography. Cambridge: Bradford Books, 2005. Spitzberg, Daniel. â€Å"Mario Bunge: Philosophy in Flux†. McGill Reporter, 29 January 2010. Weingartner, Fredrich Georg, Bruce. Studies on Mario Bunge’s Treatise. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2002. This essay on Philosophy in Crisis: The Need for Reconstruction. Book Review was written and submitted by user Amanda Mcgee to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Betrayal Of The Native Americans Essays - Thanksgiving, Free Essays

Betrayal Of The Native Americans Essays - Thanksgiving, Free Essays Betrayal Of The Native Americans Thanksgiving has lost most of its original meaning. Originally it was the day we celebrated the goodness that the Native American Indians shared with the original New Englanders the day they arrived. But now it has become just a stepping-stone for Christmas. It was not so long ago when my family would get together and plan what we would bring, whom we were to invite, and what types food we wanted to serve that day. We affectionately called this holiday the American Thanksgiving since my parents didn't think of themselves as American's being immigrants from the Philippines, only used this time to bring the family closer together. This holiday has real meaning, they say, and that's why we celebrate it. It brought us closer together as a family. On those past days, we forgot all our misgivings toward one another and just had a good time telling stories and eating good food. The best part of our Thanksgiving gatherings was the food. The aroma of the sweet smelling apple pie hovering over my head brings me back to a time when this day meant more. I remember one Thanksgiving in particular, when my mother who cooked a masterfully prepared meal forgot one of the ingredients for her stuffing and wasn't able to get it because all the stores had be en closed. The meaning of this day has changed. Now every store capitalizes on this holiday and brands it as the first shopping day of Christmas. The incarnation of this holiday is as transparent as the betrayal of the New Englanders towards the Native Americans who first settled here. Since the time of the first Thanksgiving many things have changed. The New Englanders formed a union of colonies now known as the United States and have taken over the land which the original Native Americans ruled just 200 years before. The Native American's adhered to their customs and didn't believe that anyone had the right to claim ownership on any land. The United States Citizens arrogantly call themselves Americans but what does that really mean? If they were really Americans then they would've acted more like the original settlers rather than the evil step brother of the King who was too greedy to know when something was enough. That kind gesture which the Native Americans showed to us that day showed us their basic goodness of humanity. These days when longer weekends is seen as a kind gesture it's hard to recognize what's good and what isn't. Thanksgiving has taken a backseat to Christmas. Just a few years ago the commercialization of Christmas was exploited when it was reported that Christmas was originally a pagan celebration. This exploit is just another slap in the face of the Native American who continues to passively sit still while enduring the transgressions of the United States. The Native Americans taught us how to share on that first Thanksgiving. Two Hundred years later we still haven't given back.

The Effect of Pollution on Mount Everest Essays

The Effect of Pollution on Mount Everest Essays The Effect of Pollution on Mount Everest Paper The Effect of Pollution on Mount Everest Paper Nepal is the small, one of the poorest country of the world. Yet it is very rich in natural resources and scenic beauty including highest ranges of Himalayas. Nepal is the home of the eight highest mountains out of ten in the world. Mountaineers, trekkers and skilled professionals regularly visit to scale the Mountains in Nepal, which has increased the number of tourist in Nepal. In the last decade, peoples attraction toward the mountaineering has increased a lot, by which number of climbers visiting Mount Everest has also been increased. Due to the increasing number of climbers in the Everest, pollution n and around the Everest has increased and it needs a special attention to prevent from the pollution. Everest attracts people of all around the world. In the past only few climbers who know well about the mountains used to come but today most of the interested people who have enough economic sources visit Himalayas to climb the mountain. According to Nor Sharpe, a mountain tourist guide, people come to climb Everest as they want to be famous scaling the tallest mountain in the world (Everywhere). In the early asses the number of tourist arriving to Nepal was around 400,000 but in last woo years people flowing to Nepal has increased rapidly reaching around 900,000 nearly triple of starting asses as per the statistics given by the Nepal Tourism Statistics in 2012 (Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation As the numbers of climbers has increased, pollution in the highest portion of the peaks has been increased. Pollution in the Everest includes foods, plastics, cans, gas tanks, papers, climbers equipment, human excreta, and also dead bodies of climbers. According to Nor Sharpe in the article, A Conversation with: Mountain Guide Nor Sharpe, if the flow of the climbers is frequent, ore and more waste is created (Everywhere). The article Everest Maxed Out published on June 2013 in National Geographic Magazine by Mark Jean skins provides information about his climbing on Everest and the flow of climbers he saw near camp Ill and pollution in the Everest. Jenkins says, The two standard routes, the Northeast Ridge and the Southeast Ridge, are not only dangerously crowded but also disgustingly polluted, with garbage leaking out of the glaciers and pyramids of human excrement befouling the high camps. And then there are the deaths. Pollution due to death of climbers happens especially due to certain change in weather and climbers who is less experienced or trained. Despite of being polluted, Everest fascinates and attracts the climbers toward it every year. As the increasing numbers of trekkers and climbers in the Everest has led to the pollution, government should try to clean up all the wastes in the Everest utilizing the revenue they had earned from the tourism industry. Nor says, the government earnings through tourism has not been utilize in mountains nor for benefit of Sharper (Everywhere). Government would make strict rules and laws to punish the people who makes pollution in the Everest. If the Climbers did not bring back their all used equipments and the trash from Everest they should lose their deposit money and Sharper should be rewarded if they brought wastes to the lower base of Everest. And also government, mountaineering agencies should limit the number of people climbing the mountain in every season or month which will not only helps to control pollution but also maintains the traffic jams in Everest. All the climbers, guides and Sharper should be provided trainings to handle the ever weather condition in mountain so that deaths in the mountains decrease. Decreasing the number of deaths and limiting the number of climbers on Everest pollution will be controlled and also government needs to be aware about the pollution on Everest and utilize their revenue for reducing pollution in mountains. Everest is one of the main factor that world recognizes Nepal, so every concerned individual as well as government and agencies should control pollution. Controlling pollution it will not only preserve the beauty of Everest but also more people can have the glory to scale the Everest in future.

Impact of Technology on society Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Impact of Technology on society - Research Paper Example Lastly, health smart homes are utilized instead of separate medical facilities, resulting in significant cost savings. All these technologies are equipped with wireless communication devices that will deliver value, convenience, quality health care and a better life for the patients. Hence mobile computing devices enable and facilitate caregivers and health care cooperative roles instant access to patient information on a common platform or knowledge base regardless of geographical location. Studies revealed that for improving the quality of health care, monitoring mechanisms must be efficient and effective. The effective monitoring mechanism will transfer information related to vital signs accurately and robustly, resulting in an instant transfer of medical information and response time from a caregiver or doctor. However, to make the monitoring mechanism effective, there is no solution so far except the integration of social networking sites empowered with mobile computing called as Mobile Health Monitoring (MHM) (Brahnam & Jain, ). After the integration, these systems have proven to be efficient and reliable, as they facilitate continuous connectivity of patient’s vital signs to the caregiver or doctors (Brahnam & Jain,). (Brahnam & Jain,) Magrabi along with other researchers has constructed a web based system that will be utilized for monitoring patients located at home and suffering from a disease called as cystic fibrosis. The system is fully equipped and w orks in a standard browser that becomes active whenever new data of a patient is transmitted. Moreover, the system also reviews patient medical history and sends reminders and suggestions via email to both the caregiver and the patient as well (Brahnam & Jain,). However, one problem is not addressed yet, i.e. absence of instant monitoring mechanism of the patient’s body, as it will be achievable by incorporating sensors attached to the body. In contrast, the mobile health